Two atmosphere-only experiments using CAM5, PAC-A and extSPCZ-A (each with 10 ensemble members), are conducted to compare with the fully coupled CESM1 tropical Pacific pacemaker (PAC-C) experiments. The uncoupled PAC-A experiment matches the coupled PAC-C in every way, apart from the inclusion of coupling outside of the tropical Pacific region. In this way, the PAC-A ensemble mean with external forcing removed (i.e., PAC-A minus LENS) isolates the direct atmospheric influence of tropical Pacific SST. In other words, the uncoupled PAC-A and coupled PAC-C simulations enable an “apple-to-apple” comparison to identify the tropical Pacific SST influence on global SST and atmospheric teleconnections.
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